Nur Rahmi Mardiyah
15210144
4ea15
Active and Passive Voice
Ø Active Voice
Adalah
kalimat yang subjeknya (S) melakukan pekerjaan.
Contoh:
Ismail
eats mango. (Azam makan mangga)
S
+ V + O
Note : Ismail = S (melakukan pekerjaan makan)
Ø Passive Voice
Adalah kalimat yang subjeknya (S) dikenai pekerjaan.
Contoh:
Mango is eaten by Ismail. (mangga dimakan Azam)
S + V
Note : Mango = S
(dikenai pekerjaan makan)
Kalimat Active dapat di ubah menjadi
kalimat Pessive dan sebaliknya.Tetapi kalimat yang dapat diubah dari aktif menjadi
pasif adalah kalimat transitif (kalimat yang memiliki objek).
Contoh:
Active
: Mary
helped the boy.
S +
V + O
Passive
: The boy was helped by Mary.
S + V
Pola dasar kalimat aktif dan pasif
Perhatikan perubahan tenses dari kalimat aktif ke
pasif di bawah ini:
A.‘By’ digunakan dalam kalimat pasif apabila pelaku
pekerjaan perlu untuk diketahui.
Contoh:
‘Life on the Mississippi’ was written by Mark Twain.
B.Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila tidak perlu
diketahui pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh:
The streets are swept every day.
C.Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita tidak tahu atau
lupa siapa pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh:
The professor was murdered.
D.Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila subject pada kalimat
aktif adalah ‘people’.
Contoh:
He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. (People suspect him of …)
E.Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila subject pada kalimat
aktif berupa indefinite pronoun
‘one’.
Contoh:
Active : One
sees this sort of advertisement everywhere.
Passive :
This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.
F.Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita lebih tertarik
dengan pekerjaan (action) daripada siapa
pelaku pekerjaan.
Cotoh:
A new public library is being built.
G.Kalimat pasif dapat digunakan untuk menghindari
kalimat yang janggal atau tidak sesuai
dengan
tata bahasa.
Contoh:
When he arrived home a detective arrested him.
Akan lebih baik :
When he arrived home he was arrested (by a detective).
Contoh kalimat Active ke Passive dengan menggunakan
tenses :
Active
Passive
v Simp;e Present
- She drivers the car.
Menjadi
- The car is
drivern by her.
v Simple Past
- She drove the car.
Menjadi
- The car was driven by her.
v Simple Future
- She will drive the
car. Menjadi
- The car will be driven by her.
v Present Continous
- She is driving the car.
Menjadi
- The car is being driven by her.
v Past Continous
- She was driving the
car. Menjadi
- The car
was being driven by her.
v Future Continous
- She will be driving the car.
Menjadi
- The car will be being driven by her.
v Present Perfect
- She has driven the car.
Menjadi
- The car
has been driven by her.
v Past Perfect
- She had driven the car.
Menjadi
- The car
had been driven by her.
v Future Perfect
- She will have driven the car.
Menjadi
- The car will have been driven by her.
v Present Perfect Continous
- She has been driving the
car. Menjadi
- The car has been being driven by her.
v Past Perfect Continous
- She had been driving the car.
Menjadi
- The car had been being driven by her.
Ø
Jika
dalam kalimat subjek melakkan pekerjaan, maka kalimat subjek pasif subjuklah
yang dikenai pekerjaan.
Contoh :
Active : My mother sweeps the floor
Passive : The floor swept by my
mother
Active : Beethoven wrote this
piece
Passive : This piece was written
by betthoven
Active : My little brother wrote
this song this morning
Passive : This song was written
this morning
Active : He wants to bring the
camera
Passive : He wants her to bring
the camers
Active : Nobody geve me money
Passive : I was given the money
by nobody
A. The
Passive is :
|
Past participle
|
|||
|
presesent
past
|
am/is/are
(not)
Was/were
|
+
|
Cleaned done
Exported made
Damaged broken
|
The past participle of regular
verbs is –ed (cleaned/damaged, etc.). for a list of irregular past participles (made/seen, etc.) , msee Appendixes 1
and 2.
·
Butter is made from milk.
·
Oranges are imported into Canada.
·
How often are these eooms cleaned
?
·
I am
never invited to parties.
·
This
house was built 100 years
ago.
·
These houses were built 100 years ago.
·
When was the telephone invented
?
·
I
wasn’nt invited to the party last week.
·
Six people were injured in the accident yesterday.
B.
We say was/were born :
·
I was born in Los Angles in 1974. (not “I am born”)
·
Where were you born ?
C.
Passive + by..... :
·
We were woken up by the noise. (= The noise woke us up.)
·
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
·
My brother was bitten by a dog last week.
Sumber
:
PT
Bhuana Ilmu Populer Kelompok
Gramedia Jakarta , 2010
